Additional Notes on Cerebrum
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Notes on Neurology
Additional Notes on Cerebrum
Brain Facts:
• Parietal lobe: Postcentral gyrus, which is the first general somatosensory area.
• Parietal lobe: Supramarginal and angular gyri include parts of receptive language.
• Frontal lobe: Precentral gyrus, which is the first motor area.
• Frontal lobe: Broca’s expressive speech area, olfactory bulb and tract.
• Parietal lobe: perception and interpretation of spoken and written language.
• Temporal lobe: primary auditory area.
• Occipital lobe:
• The parahippocampal gyrus includes the uncus (olfaction) and entorhinal area (olfaction and memory).
Cerebral cortex functionality:
• Taste: anterior inferior part of the parietal lobe and an adjacent region of the insula.
• Smell: nearby parts of the insula and frontal operculum.
• Movement of proximal joints: premotor cortex.
• Control of muscles, especially of the hands and face: primary motor area of precentral gyrus.
• Slower, involuntary eye movements: parieto-occipital eye fields.
• Gaze toward opposite sides: ocular motor cortical areas.
• Speech: left frontal lobe.
• Receptive or sensory language area: left temporoparietal cortex.
• Awareness of positions and conditions of parts of the body, prosody and musical ability: right cerebral cortex.
• Judgment, foresight and social behavior: frontal lobe.
• Parietal, occipital and temporal lobes are called sensory lobes because they contain primary sensory areas.
• Frontal lobe receives input from other lobes.
• Parietal lobe lesion: agnosia. Different types include cortical neglect, apraxia, tactile agnosia and astereognosis.
• Tactile agnosia and astereognosis: person can’t identify a simple object in the hand with eyes closed.
• Visual cortex lesion: destructive lesion on striate cortex of a hemisphere causes blindness in opposite visual field.
• Bilateral lesion that involves superior parts of area 19: visual disorientation with inability to recognize extent of visual field and to perceive moving objects.
• Balint syndrome: visual disorientation, ocular apraxia, optic ataxia.
• Lesion in occipital cortex inferior to primary visual area: acquired achromatopsia; loss of color vision in contralateral halves of visual fields in both eyes.
• Inferolateral surface of temporal lobe: storage or recall of visual memories.
• Destruction of inferior surfaces of occipital and temporal lobes: apperceptive visual agnosia, prosopagnosia.
• Anterior part of temporal lobe: memories of objects seen, music heard and other experiences.
• Motor cortex lesions: flaccid muscles if precentral gyrus damaged.
• Lesion in premotor area: impaired movement. Termed apraxia.
• Person with bilateral loss of function of the prefrontal cortex (Brodmann’s areas 9 to 12) becomes rude and inconsiderate to others.
• Medical and ventral parts of prefrontal cortex associated with acceptable social behavior.
• Mostly, language is the function of the left hemisphere.
• Right hemisphere is used in 3D, or spatial perception.
Additional Reading:
Basic Neurology
1. Peripheral Nervous System
2. Central Nervous System
3. The Ventricular System
4. The Spinal Cord
5. The Brain Stem
6. The Cerebellum
7. Visual Pathways
8. Diencephalon
9. Basal Ganglia
10. Cerebral Cortex
11. The Limbic System
12. Sleep Disorders
13. Autonomic Nervous System
14. Cranial Nerves and Parasympathetic Ganglia
15. Cells of the Nervous System
16. Cerebrospinal fluid
17. Additional short notes on Cerebrum
18. Functions and Diseases of Cerebrum
19. Subcortical Grey Matter
20. Notes on The Spinal Cord
21. Regulation of Heart Rate by Autonomic Nervous System
22. Action Potentials, Axon Conduction, and Neuromuscular Junction
Related Topics
1. Nervous System Disorders
2. Histology of Nervous Tissue
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Page accessed on: July 29, 2010, 11:42 am.