Random USMLE Facts volume 3-7

Rahul's Noteblog Notes on USMLE facts, Exam Tips, and USMLE Lab Values Random USMLE Facts volume 3-7

Random USMLE Facts volume 3-7:

USMLE Facts 1	USMLE Facts 2	USMLE Facts 3	USMLE Facts 4	USMLE Facts 5
USMLE Facts 6	USMLE Facts 7	USMLE Facts 8	USMLE Facts 9	USMLE Facts 10

Which cells are responsible for scar formation by wound contracture?

Myofibroblasts - a subset of fibroblasts.

What is the purpose of fibroblasts?

Wound healing and scar formation.

Rapid correction of hyponatremia causes?

Damage to basis pontis because rapid correction of hyponatremia can cause central pontine myelinolysis and/or osmotic demyelination syndrome.

Liver test findings in hepatitis:

Chronic active hepatitis: HBsAg and anti-HBc antibody.

What is somatic hypermutation and what types of cells display it?

Somatic hypermutation is a way cells (mainly B lymphocytes) react to foreign antigens. Basically, Reed-Sternberg cells are B-lymphocytes showing evidence of somatic hypermutation.

Which artery provides maximum blood to the brain?

Middle cerebral artery at its origin from the internal carotid artery.

What is familial hypoparathyroidism?

Familial hypoparathyroidism results from constant activation of the calcium-sensing receptors in the parathyroid glands. Basically, the body thinks that serum calcium is above normal levels. Results in low calcium levels and parathyroid hormone levels, and high phosphorus levels.

What type of metabolic abnormality is seen in tonic-clonic seizures?

Metabolic acidosis because a tonic-clonic seizure produces lactic acidosis from skeletal muscle.

NOTE: extreme fluctuations in bicarbonate (HCO₃-) values means a metabolic disorder.

What is a primary CNS lymphoma?

A primary CNS lymphoma is a brain malignancy seen in AIDS patients; B-lymphocytes are involved.

When are uric acid kidney stones found?

Uric acid kidney stones form due to increased breakdown of purine from actively replicating malignant cells. This usually results in patients receiving chemotherapy. Hypersecretion of uric acid due to genetic causes may also cause gout and hyperuricemia.

What is the indirect fluorescent antibody test and what is it used for?

The fluorescent antibody test is used to diagnose type II hypersensitivities. The test involves reacting patient serum + known antigen source and a fluorescently labeled antihuman immunoglobulin raised in animals.

What is a syngeneic graft?

Organ transplantation between genetically identical individuals.

What does a craniopharyngioma (also known as adamantinoma) resemble histologically?

Tooth enamel organ.

Where is gatrin found within the GI system?

Mostly in the antrum, and also in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa.

What is the cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is caused by high levels of ACTH stimulating the zona fasciculate and reticularis.

What innervates the serratus anterior muscle?

C5, C6, C7, and the long thoracic nerve.

What is Pickwickian syndrome?

Pickwickian syndrome is found in morbidly obese patients with respiratory impairment resulting in obstructive sleep apnea. Patient may develop respiratory acidosis (low pH; high paCO₂; and high HCO₃^-).

USMLE Facts 1	USMLE Facts 2	USMLE Facts 3	USMLE Facts 4	USMLE Facts 5
USMLE Facts 6	USMLE Facts 7	USMLE Facts 8	USMLE Facts 9	USMLE Facts 10

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