Random USMLE Facts volume 1-5

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Random USMLE Facts volume 1-5:

USMLE Facts 1 USMLE Facts 2 USMLE Facts 3 USMLE Facts 4 USMLE Facts 5
USMLE Facts 6 USMLE Facts 7 USMLE Facts 8 USMLE Facts 9 USMLE Facts 10

What is the function of snRNP?

Intron removal from RNA transcript, thus used to synthesize mRNA. snRNPs are spliceosomes.

What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?

Catalyze linkage of tRNAs to corresponding amino acids.

Findings in Potter Syndrome?

Infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome, hypoplastic lungs, and absent kidneys.

What chemotactic agent stimulates neutrophil migration to the site of inflammation?

LTB4, 5-HETE, and C5a.

Function of bradykinin?

Vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, and pain.

What are the functions of thiamine? What happens during thiamine deficiency?

Thiamine is a cofactor for these enzymes: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, branched-chain amino acid dehydrogenase, and transketolase.

During thiamine deficiency, there is decreased glucose utilization, especially in the central nervous system (necrosis of mamillary bodies and gray matter surrounding the third and fourth ventricles).

What blood vessel has the highest oxygen content in fetal circulation?

Umbilical vein, followed by the interior vena cava.

What reaction in the TCA cycle is inhibited during alcohol intoxication?

Conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA.

What are the consequences of carnitine deficiency?

Impairment of fatty acid transportation into mitochondria, and decreased ketone body production (eg., decreased production of acetoacetate).

Why does acyclovir demonstrate decreased activity against EBV and CMV, but increased activity against HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV?

Because HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV produce a virally-encoded thymidine kinase that immediately converts acyclovir into active acyclovir monophosphate. Thus, HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV increase acyclovir phosphorylation rate.

What is a noninvasive treatment for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia?

Vagal stimulation such as carotid massage or the Valsalva maneuver.

During small bowel obstruction, where is the offending agent most likely stuck in?

Ileum (blocking the ileocecal valve)

What is the concept of 'aldosterone escape?'

Hyperaldosteronism is produced by tumors, and high levels of aldosterone are secreted by the zona glomerulosa. Increased aldosterone secretion causes sodium retention, hypertension, metabolic alkalosis, and hypokalemia. However, hypernatremia rarely occurs due to a concept called 'aldosterone escape.' The two following processes occur during 'aldosterone escape':

1. While it is true that increased aldosterone causes sodium retention, extreme increase in aldosterone actually causes excretion of sodium.

2. With so much sodium in the body, ANP is also released from the atria.

Thus, these two processes cause excretion of sodium.

What is lead-time bias?

Patients who are diagnosed with the disease earlier tend to live longer.

Consumption of what type of food causes infection by enterohemorrhagic e. coli?

Undercooked beef or contaminated ground beef. Most infections are caused by the EHEC O157:H7 strain.

How is glucose transported into a cell?

Facilitated diffusion; from area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration.

USMLE Facts 1 USMLE Facts 2 USMLE Facts 3 USMLE Facts 4 USMLE Facts 5
USMLE Facts 6 USMLE Facts 7 USMLE Facts 8 USMLE Facts 9 USMLE Facts 10

Additional Readings:

Random USMLE Facts

1. Random USMLE Facts volume 1-1
2. Random USMLE Facts volume 2-1
3. Random USMLE Facts volume 3-1
4. Random USMLE Facts volume 4-1
5. Random USMLE Facts volume 5-1
6. Random USMLE Facts volume 6-1
7. Random USMLE Facts volume 7-1
8. Random USMLE Facts volume 8-1
9. Random USMLE Facts volume 9-1
10. Random USMLE Facts volume 10-1
11. Random USMLE Facts volume 11-1
12. Random USMLE Facts volume 12-1

General and Systemic Examinations

1. General Examination for Internal Medicine
2. Jugular Venous Distention Workup
3. ER Chest Pain Workup
4. Format for Patient Presentation
5. Pulmonary Examination for Internal Medicine
6. Cardiac Examination for Internal Medicine
7. Abdominal Examination for Internal Medicine
8. Cranial Nerve Reflexes
9. Motor System Examination
10. Random Sensory System Facts
11. Random Stroke Facts

Medical Files & Presentations

1. USMLE Flashcards [Size: 1.9 MB; Format: MS Powerpoint]
2. Otitis Media in Children [Size: 5.4 MB; Format: MS Powerpoint]
3. Irritable Bowel Syndrome [Size: 170 kB; Format: MS Powerpoint]
4. Acid-Base Disturbance: Acidotic or Alkalotic? [Size: 427 kB; Format: PDF]
5. Thrombocytopenia [Size: 2.42 MB; Format: MS Powerpoint]
6. Are Face Transplants Ethical? [Size: 70.2 kB; Format: MS Powerpoint]

USMLE Step 2 CS Videos

1. Video of Cardiology Examination in a Clinical Setting
2. Video of Neurology Examination in a Clinical Setting
3. Video of Pulmonology Examination in a Clinical Setting
4. Video of Musculoskeletal Examination in a Clinical Setting
5. Video of Abdominal Examination in a Clinical Setting
6. Video of HEENT Examination in a Clinical Setting
7. Video and Description of Rinne Hearing Test
8. Video and Description of Weber Hearing Test

USMLE Laboratory (lab) Values

1. USMLE Blood Lab Values
2. USMLE Cerebrospinal Lab Values
3. USMLE Hematologic Lab Values
4. USMLE Sweat and Urine Lab Values

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