Notes on Basal Ganglia

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Thalamus:
• Sensory relay for ascending tactile, visual, auditory, and gustatory information.

Basal Ganglia:
• Gross control over skeletal muscle movements.

Direct basal ganglia pathway: increased level of cortical excitation and promotion of movement.
Indirect basal ganglia pathway: decreased level of cortical excitation.

Lesions of direct basal ganglia pathway:
• Underactive motor cortex.
• Parkinson disease.
• Disinhibition decreases activity.
• Involves substantia nigra / pars compacta.

Lesions of indirect basal ganglia pathway:
• Overactive motor cortex.
• Huntington chorea.
• Disinhibition increases activity.
• Involves Globus Pallidus / external segment.
• Involves subthalamic nucleus.

Additional Readings:

Basic Neurology

1. Peripheral Nervous System
2. Central Nervous System
3. The Ventricular System
4. The Spinal Cord
5. The Brain Stem
6. The Cerebellum
7. Visual Pathways
8. Diencephalon
9. Basal Ganglia
10. Cerebral Cortex
11. The Limbic System
12. Sleep Disorders
13. Autonomic Nervous System
14. Cranial Nerves and Parasympathetic Ganglia
15. Cells of the Nervous System
16. Cerebrospinal fluid
17. Additional short notes on Cerebrum
18. Functions and Diseases of Cerebrum
19. Subcortical Grey Matter
20. Notes on The Spinal Cord
21. Regulation of Heart Rate by Autonomic Nervous System
22. Action Potentials, Axon Conduction, and Neuromuscular Junction

Related Topics

1. Nervous System Disorders
2. Histology of Nervous Tissue

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