Notes on Adrenal Medulla

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Adrenal medulla:
• 80% epinephrine / adrenaline.
• 20% norepinephrine.
• Not an important source of NE.
• Not essential for life.
• Norepinephrine function: vasoconstriction; maintains normal BP when individual is standing.
• Epinephrine secretion increases in: exercise, emergencies, cold, hypoglycemia.

Epinephrine causes:
• Breakdown and mobilization of carbohydrates.
• Increased BMR.
• Promotes glycogenolysis (conversion of glycogen to glucose).

Epinephrine binding to beta-adrenergic receptors:
• Increased glycogenolysis and lipolysis

Pheochromocytomas:
• Release NE.
• Cause hypertension, hyperglycemia, glucosuria, increased BMR.

Additional Readings:

Basic Endocrinology

Introduction to Endocrinology
1. Hypothalamic-pituitary system
2. Adrenal Hormones
3. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and ECF Regulation
4. Endocrine Pancreas
5. Growth Hormone
6. Adrenal Medulla
7. Hormonal Control of Calcium and Phosphate
8. Thyroid Hormones
9. Hormones of Male Reproduction
10. Hormones of Female Reproduction
11. Fluid Compartments of the Body
12. Notes on Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary and Thyroid
13. Additional Notes on Female Reproduction
14. Hormonal Signaling Pathways

Related Topics

1. Histology of the Endocrine System
2. Histology of the Male Reproductive System
3. Histology of the Female Reproductive System

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